Tennessee reports a histoplasmosis outbreak: 1 dead, dozens sickened, as officials urge clinicians to watch for symptoms

A fungal respiratory outbreak under investigation

An outbreak of histoplasmosis in Tennessee has been linked to one death and 36 reported illnesses, according to state health officials. Histoplasmosis is caused by a fungus that can become airborne when contaminated soil is disturbed—commonly in settings involving construction, excavation, demolition or cleanup where bird or bat droppings have accumulated.

Investigators said the outbreak was first identified in December 2025 and that pinpointing a single source can be difficult, which is typical for this disease. Reported cases were concentrated in the Williamson and Maury County area, and officials emphasized the importance of clinical awareness so patients can be diagnosed and treated promptly.

Who is most at risk and what symptoms look like

Many people exposed to the fungus may have no symptoms, especially if they have healthy immune systems. When illness occurs, symptoms can resemble the flu: fever, chills, cough, chest discomfort and fatigue, often appearing within days to a few weeks after exposure. In severe cases—particularly among infants, people with weakened immunity or those with heavy exposure—histoplasmosis can cause serious lung disease and complications.

The reported outbreak included at least one severe medical emergency, highlighting that while many infections are mild, some can become life-threatening. Histoplasmosis is treatable with antifungal medications, but earlier recognition generally improves outcomes.

Public health guidance and next steps

Health authorities urged clinicians to consider histoplasmosis when evaluating patients with persistent respiratory symptoms, especially if they have potential exposure to dust from construction or other soil-disturbing activities. As officials continue investigating, they may issue additional recommendations around dust control, workplace protections and community awareness in affected areas.